Prior to google translate, google chrome, etc. barring having friends that spoke the language and knit, there were some resources for translations:
Brother: Japanese symbols for knitting (booklet)
Key to Japanese patterns by Jody Foster (booklet)
Japanese for machine knitters by Mary weaver (book 1983), now partially available for free download online
Knitting Languages by Margaret Heathman (book 1996) includes limited vocabularies in 10 languages
August 1/2020 update:
Garnstudio knitting terms translated into 17 languages; their glossary of knitting terms
another international glossary of knitting terms
a few in Italian
German 
From/for different countries
http://www.knittingfool.com/Reference/KF_Symbols.aspx
Anna Burda magazine symbols PDF includes HK how-to illustrations: ab2 2/1/15
Verena chart from older pubs easily found on Pinterest
Japanese
tata-tatao for Japanese basics and charts
dancingbarefoot’s japanese pattern tutorials
series of topics updated 2020 link Clearwater knits
Fleegle’s blogspot
garment instructions
Machine knitting: some grabs from electronic and punchcards books follow, giving an indication of the variety of fabrics that may be produced on Japanese knitting machines. They are in a large format for easier visibility. The names of some of the stitch types have evolved over the years or differed from one brand of KM to another. From Silver Reed publications
and from Brother 
In addition, for English machine knitting abbreviations see Jessica-tromp.nl and sewwhatyvette.com